Defines the metamaterial concept with benchmark applications. Describes 5G and beyond technology antenna future with metamaterial. Describes how 3D metamaterials are unleashing a window in microwave imaging. Reviews nanosatellite runs by hooping on metamaterial.

The current book attempts to investigate the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in the Linear Constraint Minimum Variance (LCMV) beamforming technique that improves the signal to interference and noise ratio, data rates, null steering and coverage of the cellular system. LCMV forms its radiation beam towards desired signal through its weight vectors which are computed through received signal. However, weights computed by LCMV usually do not able to form the radiation beam towards the target user precisely. Hence, in this research work, PSO is incorporated into the existing LCMV technique in order to improve the weights of LCMV.

Phytotoxic effect of biochanin A (a major isoflavone in clover) on different weed species was evaluated in agar medium bioassays. Silene noctiflora and Geranium molle roots growth were progressively inhibited with increasing concentrations of biochanin A, whereas the monocot species (Echinochloa crus-galli) were unaffected. With regard to the dicot species, S. noctif lora (EC50 = 35.80 M and EC25 = 5.20 M) was more susceptible than G. molle (EC50, EC25 > 400 M). S. noctif lora, G. molle, and E. crus-galli root and shoot samples, representing a susceptible, a less susceptible, and a nonsusceptible species, respectively, were analyzed by LC-MS to quantify biochanin A and its transformation products. Biochanin A and its known transformation products genistein, dihydrobiochanin A, pratensein, and p-coumaric acid were quantified. Sissotrin was identified and quantified while assigning unknown peaks. The treated root samples contained more biochanin A, genistein, pratensein, and dihydrobiochanin A than shoot samples.

This book is intended to illustrate an art of antenna design technique for wireless communication system, and its development and implementation on field of antenna technology. The endeavor is to impart a working knowledge of the subject not just for students and researchers but for the entire wireless community. This book focuses on designing three types of new broadband antennas. Design analysis has been carried out covering the frequency of IMT-2000 and ultrawideband (UWB). The first two types of the antenna designs adopt contemporary techniques; L-probe feeding, inverted patch structure with air-filled dielectric and the new shape patches. The composite effect of integrating these techniques and by introducing the new EE-H and E-H shaped patches, offers a low profile, high gain, broadband, and compact antenna element. The third type of antenna is developed for UWB frequency band which is based on new stacked patch technique with a folded patch feed. The bandwidth is obtained by a stacked patch fed with a folded patch feed; and the size reduction is realized through the use of shorting wall.

This book discusses the role of optical networks in 3G, 4G, 5G and beyond. The authors discuss the evolution of the technologies, the research involved, and the applications with respect to optical communication systems. In addition, the book provides in-depth knowledge of broadband connectivity for future generation networks. More focus is given towards the front-, mid- and back- hauling of 5G and beyond. The authors present architecture for broadband connectivity and explain its potential in 5G and beyond applications. This book includes several architectures based on Hybrid Fiber-Wireless; Next Generation Passive Optical Networks Stage 1 and 2; millimeter wave over fiber; sub-THz wave over fiber; millimeter/sub-THz wave over multicore fiber; 6G fronthaul; 6G backhaul; GMPLS networks, and massive MIMO sub-Thz antenna. The contributors provide supplementary material such as simulations, analysis and experiments.